1  Energy Analysis and Aggregated Data

1.1 Energy Highlights by Source – year 2025

This chapter presents a brief analysis of the main movements regarding energy production and consumption in 2025 compared to the previous year, for the main energy sources: oil, natural gas, electricity, mineral coal, wind power, solar power, Micro and Mini Distributed Generation (MMDG), biodiesel, and sugarcane and corn products.

1.1.1 Biodiesel

In 2025, biodiesel production in the country grew 8.5% compared to the previous year, reaching a total of 9.8 million m³.

The average percentage of biodiesel mandatorily added to mineral diesel increased from 13.6% to 14.2% in 2025. The main input was soybean oil (65.9%), followed by other fatty materials (12.5%).

1.1.2 Sugarcane, Sugar and Ethanol

According to the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA), sugarcane production in calendar year 2025 reached 659.4 million tonnes, a reduction of 3.8% compared to the previous calendar year, when crushing amounted to 685.6 million tonnes.

In 2025, national sugar production was 43.5 million tonnes, a reduction of 1.7% compared to the previous year, and ethanol production from sugarcane fell 6.1%, reaching a total of 28.7 million m³.

Of this total, 64.5% corresponds to hydrous ethanol: 18.5 million m³. In comparative terms, there was a reduction of 9.4% in the production of this fuel relative to 2024. Anhydrous ethanol production, which is blended with gasoline A to form gasoline C, recorded an increase of 0.8% and totaled 10.2 million m³ in 2025.

1.1.3 Corn Ethanol and Other Biomass

Production of ethanol from corn and other biomass reached 9.45 million m³ (5.75 million m³ of hydrous ethanol and 3.70 million m³ of anhydrous ethanol) in 2025, representing 24.7% of total production in Brazil.

The total ethanol produced in Brazil in 2025 was 38.20 million m³, representing an increase of 0.1% over the previous year.

1.1.4 Electricity

Electricity generation in Brazil at public utility plants and self-producers reached 775.9 TWh in 2025, a result 3.3% above 2024.

Public utility power plants accounted for 77.3% of total generation, totaling 599.8 TWh.

Self-production of energy (SPE) in 2025 accounted for 22.7% of total production, considering the aggregate of all sources used, reaching a total of 176 TWh. Of this total, 97.6 TWh were not injected into the grid—that is, produced and consumed by the generating installation itself, usually referred to as classic SPE. Classic self-production aggregates the most diverse industrial installations that produce energy for their own consumption, such as the Pulp and Paper, Steel, Sugar and Alcohol, and Chemical sectors, among others, in addition to the Energy Sector. Hydropower generation, the main source of electricity production in Brazil, fell 4.8% compared to the previous year.

Electricity generation from non-renewable sources represented 13.4% of the national total, against 11.9% in 2024, according to Figure 1.1

Net imports of 7.4 TWh, added to national generation, ensured a domestic supply of electricity of 783.3 TWh, an amount 2.7% higher than 2024. Final electricity consumption was 667.8 TWh, an expansion of 2.7% compared to the previous year.

Figure 1.2 shows the structure of the domestic supply of electricity in Brazil in 2025.

Figure 1.1: Electricity generation: non-renewable sources. Others: Other Non-Renewable, Other secondaries, Coke Oven Gas.
Figure 1.2: Total Electricity Supply by Source. Other Renewable: Includes Firewood, Biodiesel and Other Renewables. Other Non-Renewable: Includes Fuel Oil, Coke Oven Gas, Other Secondaries and Other Non-Renewables.

Brazil has an electricity mix of predominantly renewable origin, with hydropower standing out. Considering that almost all imports come from the Itaipu plant, hydropower accounted for 52.2% of the domestic electricity supply in 2025. Renewable sources represent 86.6% of the domestic electricity supply in Brazil, which is the result of the sum of national production plus imports, which are essentially of renewable origin.

Final consumption was 667.8 TWh, representing an expansion of 2.7% compared to the previous year, with the industrial and residential sectors standing out, accounting for 36.1% and 28.2% respectively.

Figure 1.3 and Figure 1.4 show the changes in 2025 sectoral electricity consumption compared to the previous year.

Figure 1.3: Percentual change of electricity consumption per sector.
Figure 1.4: Growth of electricity consumption in the industrial sector.

It is noted that the industrial, residential, and commercial sectors consumed 81.1% of the electricity made available in the country in 2025.

Figure 1.5: Electricity consumption share by sector.

In 2025, the installed capacity for electricity generation in Brazil (public utility plants and self-producers) reached 215,939 MW, an increase of 15,736 MW over the previous year, not including Micro and Mini Distributed Generation (MMDG).

Figure 1.6: Participation of energy sources in the installed capacity.

1.1.5 Wind Energy

Electricity production from wind power reached 116.5 TWh in 2025, equivalent to an 8.2% increase compared to the previous year, when 107.7 TWh was reached.

In 2025, installed capacity for wind generation in the country expanded 17.5%, with 34,689 MW of centralized capacity, according to ANEEL’s Generation Information System (SIGA), together with 17 MW of Micro and Mini Distributed Generation (MMDG).

1.1.6 Solar Power

Electricity production from solar power reached 88.1 TWh, marking an increase of 24.7% compared to the 70.7 TWh recorded in 2024.

The installed capacity of photovoltaic solar generation in the country grew, expanding 33.7% in 2025. This raised the total capacity to 64,793 MW, encompassing both centralized generation and MMDG.

1.1.7 Micro and Mini Distributed Generation (MMDG)

Micro and Mini Distributed Generation of electricity, regulated by Law 14,300/22, reached 54,483 GWh in 2025, with an installed capacity of 45,040 MW. The main highlight is the photovoltaic solar source, with 53,144 GWh and 44,742 MW of generation and installed capacity, respectively.

The breakdowns of generation and installed capacity of distributed micro and mini generation are shown in Table 5.7 and Table 8.12, respectively.

1.1.8 Petroleum and Oil Products

National oil production remained stable, reaching an average of 3.8 million barrels per day, of which 97.6% is of offshore origin.

Regarding producing states, Rio de Janeiro was responsible for the largest share: 87.8% of the annual amount. Onshore production continues to be led by the State of Rio Grande do Norte, with 34.6% of the total onshore.

On the consumption side, an increase of 0.6% in fossil diesel oil and a reduction of 4.0% in automotive gasoline were recorded. The transport sector accounted for 69.9% of the total energy consumption of fossil diesel oil.

1.1.9 Natural Gas

The daily average production for the year was 179.2 million m³/day and the volume of imported natural gas was 19.1 million m³/day. Natural gas accounts for 10.4% of the national energy mix.

Demand for natural gas increased 8.3% compared to the previous year, mainly due to the advance in natural gas-fired electricity generation, which increased 13.7% compared to the previous year.

Figure 1.7 shows the allocation of natural gas for the years 2024 and 2025. In 2025, 36.8% of the gas consumed in the country was destined for electricity generation. In 2024, this percentage was 35.0%.

Figure 1.7: Natural gas consumption

1.1.10 Steam Coal and Metallurgical Coal

In electricity generation, the coal used is steam coal, predominantly of national origin. The demand for steam coal for this end use fell 3.0% compared to the previous year.

Metallurgical coal destined for coke production, following the movement of the steel industry, reduced its consumption by 0.2%.

1.2 Added Data

Tables and graphs with consolidated data of the evolution of the production are presented in this item, consumption, external dependence of energy, sectorial composition of the consumption of energy and summary of domestic energy supply - period 2016 to 2025.

1.2.1 Primary Energy Production

Table 1.1: Primary Energy Production. Absolute values. Unit: 10³ toe.
Figure 1.8: Primary Energy Production. Absolute values. Others: Steam Coal, Metallurgical Coal, Uranium (U₃O₈), Other Non-Renewable, Wind, Solar, Other Renewable.
Table 1.2: Primary Energy Production. Percentage values. Unit: (%).
Figure 1.9: Primary Energy Production. Percentage values. A categoria “Outros” inclui: Carvão Vapor, Carvão Metalúrgico, Urânio (U₃O₈), Outras Não Renováveis, Eólica, Solar, Outras Renováveis.

1.2.2 Total Energy Supply

Table 1.3: Total Energy Supply. Absolute values. Unit: 10³ toe. Hydraulic: Includes electricity imports originated from hidraulic sources. 1 kWh = 860 kcal (physical equivalent - First Principle of Thermodynamics). Look Appendix VI.
Figure 1.10: Total Energy Supply. Absolute values. Hydraulic:Includes electricity imports originated from hidraulic sources. 1 kWh = 860 kcal (physical equivalent - First Principle of Thermodynamics). Look Appendix VI. Others: Natural Gas, Uranium (U₃O₈), Other Non-Renewable, Wind, Solar, Others.
Table 1.4: Total Energy Supply. Percentage values. Unit: (%). Hydraulic: Includes electricity imports originated from hidraulic sources. 1 kWh = 860 kcal (physical equivalent - First Principle of Thermodynamics). Look Appendix VI.
Figure 1.11: Total Energy Supply. Percentage values. Hydraulic: Includes electricity imports originated from hidraulic sources. 1 kWh = 860 kcal (physical equivalent - First Principle of Thermodynamics). Look Appendix VI. Others: Natural Gas, Uranium (U₃O₈), Other Non-Renewable, Wind, Solar, Others.

1.2.3 Final Energy Consumption by Source

Table 1.5: Final Energy Consumption by Source. Absolute values. Unit: 10³ toe.
Figure 1.12: Final Energy Consumption by Source. Absolute values. Others: Coal, Other Primary Sources, Biodiesel, Coke Oven Gas, Coal Coke, Charcoal, Ethyl Alcohol , Tar.
Table 1.6: Final Energy Consumption by Source. Percentage values. Unit: (%).
Figure 1.13: Final Energy Consumption by Source. Percentage values. Others: Coal, Other Primary Sources, Biodiesel, Coke Oven Gas, Coal Coke, Charcoal, Ethyl Alcohol , Tar.

1.2.4 Final Energy Consumption by Sector

Table 1.7: Final Energy Consumption by Sector. Absolute values. Unit: 10³ toe.
Figure 1.14: Final Energy Consumption by Sector. Absolute values. Others: Commercial, Public, Unidentified Consumption.
Table 1.8: Final Energy Consumption by Sector. Percentage values. Unit: (%).
Figure 1.15: Final Energy Consumption by Sector. Percentage values. Others: Commercial, Public, Unidentified Consumption.

1.2.5 Final Energy Consumption by Source for Energy Use

Table 1.9: Final Energy Consumption by Source for Energy Use. Absolute values. Unit: 10³ toe.
Table 1.10: Final Energy Consumption by Source for Energy Use. Percentage values. Unit: (%).

1.2.6 Final Non-Energy Consumption by Source

Table 1.11: Final Non-Energy Consumption by Source. Absolute values. Unit: 10³ toe.
Table 1.12: Final Non-Energy Consumption by Source. Percentage values. Unit: (%).

1.2.7 External Dependence on Energy

Table 1.13: External Dependence on Energy. Absolute values. Negatives values corresponds to net exports. External Dependence on Energy: Difference between Domestic Energy Demand (including losses in transformation, distribution and storage) and Domestic Production.
Table 1.14: External Dependence on Energy. Percentage values. Unit: (%). Negatives values corresponds to net exports. External Dependence on Energy: Difference between Domestic Energy Demand (including losses in transformation, distribution and storage) and Domestic Production.
Figure 1.16: External Dependence on Energy.

1.2.8 Oil Products Consumption by Sector

Table 1.15: Oil Products Consumption by Sector. Absolute values. Unit: 10³ toe. Oil Products Consumption by Sector: Includes natural gas liquids.
Figure 1.17: Oil Products Consumption by Sector. Absolute values. Others: Public Service Power Plants, Self-Producers Power Plants, Commercial, Public, Unidentified Consumption.
Table 1.16: Oil Products Consumption by Sector. Percentage values. Unit: (%). Oil Products Consumption by Sector: Includes natural gas liquids.
Figure 1.18: Oil Products Consumption by Sector. Percentage values. Others: Public Service Power Plants, Self-Producers Power Plants, Commercial, Public, Unidentified Consumption.

1.2.9 Electricity Consumption by Sector

Table 1.17: Electricity Consumption by Sector. Absolute values. Unit: 10³ toe.
Figure 1.19: Electricity Consumption by Sector. Absolute values.
Table 1.18: Electricity Consumption by Sector. Percentage values. Unit: (%).
Figure 1.20: Electricity Consumption by Sector. Percentage values.

1.2.10 Steam Coal Consumption by Sector

Table 1.19: Steam Coal Consumption by Sector. Absolute values. Unit: 10³ toe.
Figure 1.21: Steam Coal Consumption by Sector. Absolute values.
Table 1.20: Steam Coal Consumption by Sector. Percentage values. Unit: (%).
Figure 1.22: Steam Coal Consumption by Sector. Percentage values.

1.2.11 Biomass Consumption by Sector

Table 1.21: Biomass Consumption by Sector. Absolute values. Unit: 10³ toe. Including sugar cane bagasse, firewood, charcoal, alcohol and other renewable primary sources.
Figure 1.23: Biomass Consumption by Sector. Absolute values.
Table 1.22: Biomass Consumption by Sector. Percentage values. Unit: (%). Including sugar cane bagasse, firewood, charcoal, alcohol and other renewable primary sources.
Figure 1.24: Biomass Consumption by Sector. Percentage values.

1.2.12 Total Energy Supply

Table 1.23: Total Energy Supply. Absolute values. Unit: 10³ toe. Others: Including others renewable energy and uranium.
Figure 1.25: Total Energy Supply. Absolute values. Others: Including others renewable energy and uranium.
Table 1.24: Total Energy Supply. Percentage values. Unit: (%). Others: Including others renewable energy and uranium.
Figure 1.26: Total Energy Supply. Percentage values. Others: Including others renewable energy and uranium.

1.2.13 Energy Flux in the Baseline Year

Figure 1.27: Energy Flux in the Baseline Year. Unit: 10⁶ toe.

1.2.14 Electricity Flux in the Baseline Year

Figure 1.28: Electricity Flux in the Baseline Year. Unit: TWh.