Highlights

The main developments that occurred in 2025 related to installed capacity, electricity generation, transmission network expansion, the progress of government electrification programs, and electricity consumption and number of consumers are described in this section.

Installed Electric Generation Capacity

In 2025, the installed electric generation capacity increased by 24.6 GW compared to 2024, representing a 10.4% increase, reaching 261 GW.

The highlight goes to photovoltaic solar plants, which with the installation of 16.3 GW came to represent 24.8% of the country’s total capacity. Of this solar expansion, 8.8 GW are from Micro and Distributed Generation (MMGD). Installed capacity also included 5.2 GW of wind plants, 1.7 GW of fossil fuel thermal plants, 1.1 GW of bagasse and other biomass thermal plants, and 0.3 GW of hydroelectric plants. Hydropower remains the main source, but its share has been decreasing, from 61% in 2016 to 40% in 2025.

In terms of spatial distribution, the states with the highest capacity are: MG (11.3%), SP (10.8%), BA (8.8%), PR (8.7%), and PA (8.7%). Together, these states account for 48.3% of the installed capacity. The states that increased their installed capacity the most were MG (5.5 GW), BA (4.2 GW), RJ (2.0 GW), SP (1.7 GW), and PI (1.5 GW), responsible for 60.6% of the added installed capacity. In 2025, Minas Gerais became the state with the highest installed capacity in the country, surpassing São Paulo.

In 2025, the Auction for Supply to Isolated Systems was held, contracting more than 50 MW located in Amazonas and Pará. The projects are hybrid solutions, with diesel, solar, and battery.(Empresa de Pesquisa Energética (EPE), 2025e)

Electricity Generation

Hydropower remains the main source of electricity generation, but its share decreased compared to 2024, from 56.1% to 51.7%. On the other hand, solar and wind sources gained share, from 23.7% of generation in 2024 to 26.4% in 2025, mainly due to the increase in installed capacity, keeping the share of renewable sources in the domestic electricity supply high, at 86.8% (including all national generation plus imports, which includes the imported share from Itaipu).

Generation increased by 3.3% from 2024 to 2025 (+24.6 TWh), mainly driven by the increase in solar generation (+24.7%), fossil fuel thermal (+18.8%), wind (+8.2%), biomass thermal (+7.6%), and nuclear (+0.4%). Hydropower generation, influenced by the hydrological regime, decreased (-4.8%).

In 2025, the tariff flag was yellow in May and December, and red between June and November, reflecting an unfavorable hydrological situation and the need to activate thermal power plants.

Bioelectricity, composed mainly of sugarcane bagasse (60.9%) and black liquor (28.1%), which are by-products of the sugar-alcohol and cellulose industries, respectively, reached a record generation for another year, 66.1 TWh, and increased its share to 8.5% of the electricity matrix.

MMGD increased by 28.9% compared to the previous year, reaching 54.5 TWh, accounting for 7.0% of the average annual generation. Most of the MMGD (97.5%) comes from photovoltaic solar energy.

More information on electricity generation is available in (Empresa de Pesquisa Energética (EPE), 2026).

Electricity Transmission Lines Extension

In 2025, 5,582 km of transmission lines (TL) were added in Brazilian territory, bringing the total to 181,782 km of lines. Of this increase, 84.9% were lines with a voltage level of 500 kV and 11.7% were lines with a voltage of 230 kV. The other voltage levels with lines that entered into operation in 2025 were 345 kV (126 km) and 525 kV (64 km).

According to the open data from the National Operator (Operador Nacional do Sistema Elétrico (ONS), 2026c), the SIN Maps system (Operador Nacional do Sistema Elétrico (ONS), 2026a), and the Weekly Operation Bulletin (Operador Nacional do Sistema Elétrico (ONS), 2026b), the main transmission lines or sections that entered into operation or were completed in 2025 are:

TL 500 kV EQUADOR/ LECHUGA RR/AM: Connects the state of Roraima to the National Interconnected System (SIN), representing the electrical integration of the last federative unit still isolated from the SIN. This line has a double circuit, each with a length of 396 km.

TL 500 kV BOA VISTA/ EQUADOR RR: Also connects the state of Roraima to the SIN, being a double-circuit line, each with a length of 332 km.

TL 500 kV MORRO CHAPÉU II/ POÇÕES III CF2 BA: Its implementation allows the reduction of wind and solar generation restrictions in the state of Bahia, as well as preventing voltage collapse problems in nearby lines. It has a length of 336 km.

TL 500 kV POCOES III/ MEDEIROS NETO II C C1 BA: With a length of 329 km, this new transmission line improves the performance of the electrical system in the Bahia region, ensuring more stable voltage levels.

Transmission auctions are held to attract investments from agents for the expansion of electricity transmission capacity in the country through the installation of new transmission lines. In 2025, a single transmission auction was held with an expected investment of more than R$ 5.5 billion in about 1,100 km of transmission lines. (Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica (ANEEL), 2026b)

Government Electrification Programs: Luz para Todos

Electrification programs are extremely important for universalizing access to electricity in rural communities and in more remote locations in the country, where there is no electricity distribution network.

Since its inception until the end of 2025, the Luz para Todos (LPT) program has served approximately 3.84 million Brazilian households, with 47.5% of them located in the Northeast and 27.2% in the North region. The program with a focus on rural areas (LPT Rural and Distributor Resources) has already reached more than 3.74 million homes since its inception in 2004. On the other hand, the program focused on serving more remote regions (LPT Remote Regions of the Legal Amazon) has already enabled the electrification of 92.7 thousand homes.

In 2025, the Luz para Todos “Rural” Program provided access to electricity to 26.9 thousand Brazilian households, most of them in the state of Pará (15.4 thousand). On the other hand, the version of the program “Remote Regions of the Legal Amazon” served 23.1 thousand households, with 83.0% of these households located in Pará.

Consumption and Number of Consumers

The total electricity consumption in Brazil in 2025 was 566.7 TWh, about 0.9% higher than in 2024.

This subsection addresses the main movements of 2025 associated with the three main consumption classes (residential, commercial, and industrial) and also with the two contracting environments (captive and free).

Residential Class

In 2025, the electricity consumption of the residential class increased by 1.7% compared to 2024, totaling approximately 179.65 TWh. This growth was mainly associated with drier weather conditions observed throughout the year, as well as the occurrence of heat and cold waves. Above-average temperatures recorded in the first quarter, especially in the Central-South region of the country, intensified the use of air conditioning equipment in homes (Empresa de Pesquisa Energética (EPE), 2025a). Additionally, the intense cold observed in July in much of the country may have favored the use of heating equipment, especially in the South and Southeast regions (Empresa de Pesquisa Energética (EPE), 2025c).

In addition to climatic factors, the improvement in the economic conditions of families, driven by the reduction of unemployment, the increase in income, and the continuation of income transfer policies, such as Bolsa Família, favored the acquisition and more intensive use of household appliances and air conditioning equipment. As a result, higher electricity demand was observed in the residential sector throughout the period.

On the other hand, milder temperatures observed in part of 2025, combined with the predominance of red tariff flags between June and November, resulted in additional costs on electricity bills, encouraging greater caution by consumers and contributing to moderating the pace of residential consumption growth (Empresa de Pesquisa Energética (EPE), 2025b, 2025c, 2025d).

The residential consumer base grew by 2.2% compared to 2024, corresponding to an increase of 1,836,790 consumer units, rising from 82,681,823 to 84,518,613 consumers. Thus, the residential class remained the one with the largest number of consumers in the country. This growth reflects both the realization of new connections and possible reclassifications of consumer units from other consumption classes (Empresa de Pesquisa Energética (EPE), 2025a).

Despite the expansion in the number of consumer units, the average annual consumption per consumer showed a slight decrease of 0.3%. In contrast, in the Isolated Systems, there was a 33.1% reduction in the residential consumer base, equivalent to a decrease of 188,618 consumer units, largely reflecting the process of interconnecting Roraima to the National Interconnected System (SIN) (Empresa de Pesquisa Energética (EPE), 2025d).

All regions of the country recorded growth in residential electricity consumption in 2025, with the South Region (+4.3%) standing out, followed by the Central-West (+3.3%), Northeast (+1.5%), North (+0.9%), and Southeast (+0.7%). Despite the national expansion, some states experienced a decline in consumption in the year-on-year comparison. In the North Region, Tocantins (+4.2%) and Pará (+2.5%) recorded the highest growth, while Amazonas (-3.3%), Amapá (-0.9%), and Roraima (-0.4%) showed a decrease. In the Central-West, Goiás (+5.8%) and Mato Grosso (+4.2%) led the regional expansion, while Mato Grosso do Sul recorded a decline of 2.3%. In the South Region, all states showed significant growth in residential consumption in 2025, with Rio Grande do Sul (+5.5%), Santa Catarina (+5.2%), and Paraná (+2.3%) standing out. In the Northeast, Piauí (+7.3%), Paraíba (+7.2%), Alagoas (+6.1%), and Maranhão (+4.1%) recorded the highest growth rates, while Rio Grande do Norte (-3.7%), Pernambuco (-1.7%), and Bahia (-1.4%) experienced a decline. Finally, in the Southeast, Minas Gerais (+4.4%) and Espírito Santo (+2.0%) showed more significant growth, while Rio de Janeiro (-3.4%) recorded a decrease in residential consumption, and São Paulo showed more moderate expansion (+0.5%).

Commercial Class

The commercial class, in 2025, recorded a 0.3% increase in electricity consumption in Brazil compared to the previous year. The total consumed was 104.0 TWh. In 2025, the South (+3.0%), North (+1.2%), and Central-West (+0.8%) regions showed growth in the same period. In contrast, the Northeast (-2.3%) experienced a decline in electricity consumption in the commercial sector, while the Southeast remained stable. Among the states, the highest expansions were in Santa Catarina (+5.0%), Piauí (+4.2%), Goiás (+3.9%), Paraíba (+3.6%), Amazonas, and Alagoas (+3.0% each). On the other hand, the most significant declines occurred in Pernambuco (-7.8%) and Bahia (-6.2%).

According to IBGE indicators, the volume of retail trade sales expanded by 1.6% in the accumulated year, while the broader retail sector registered more moderate growth of 0.1% (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), 2026b, 2026c). In commerce, the segments of pharmaceutical, medical, orthopedic, and perfumery articles; furniture and household appliances; office, IT, and communication equipment and materials; as well as other personal and household items stood out. In the same period, the services sector advanced by 2.8%, mainly driven by activities related to information technology, digital services, logistics, freight and passenger transport, advertising, and e-commerce platforms (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), 2026a, 2026d).

Milder temperatures in 2025, compared to those recorded in 2024, may have reduced the need for air conditioning in commercial establishments, which could have limited the growth of electricity consumption in the sector during the period. Added to this context was the activation of more expensive tariff flags between May and December 2025. The additional costs associated with these flags may also have helped to contain the increase in electricity consumption in the commercial sector.

The national commercial consumer base grew by 0.7% in 2025 compared to 2024, increasing from 6,129,766 to 6,174,680 consumers, representing an increase of 44,914 consumer units. In contrast, in the Isolated Systems, there was a 33.8% reduction in the commercial consumer base, decreasing from 42,218 to 27,962 consumer units. This significant decline is mainly associated with the interconnection of Roraima to the National Interconnected System (SIN) (Empresa de Pesquisa Energética (EPE), 2025d).

Industrial Class

In 2025, the national electricity consumption in the industrial sector was 199,341 GWh, an increase of 0.7% compared to 2024, lower than the Industrial Value Added, which grew 1.4% in 2025. Regionally, only the Southeast (-0.9%) saw a decrease in consumption in 2025, while the North (+6.8%), South (+1.6%), Northeast (+1.6%), and Central-West (+1.1%) increased consumption. Among the Federative Units, Maranhão (+14.8%) had the highest increase in consumption, while Alagoas (-24.9%) had the largest decrease.

The increase in industrial electricity consumption in 2025 affected 22 of the 37 sectors monitored by EPE. Six of the ten most electricity-intensive sectors consumed more. The metallic mineral extraction sector (+7.9%) was the one that expanded consumption the most, followed by machinery and equipment manufacturing (+4.3%), non-metallic mineral products (+3.7%), food products (+3.4%), rubber and plastic products (+2.8%), textiles (+1.5%), and automotive (+1.3%). On the other hand, electricity consumption decreased in metal products (-3.9%), chemical products (-3.8%), paper and cellulose (-2.4%), wood products (-1.9%), non-metallic mineral extraction (-1.8%), beverage manufacturing (-1.6%), and metallurgy (-0.6%).

The metallic mineral extraction sector was the one that contributed the most to the increase in industrial electricity consumption in 2025, adding 1,139 GWh of consumption during the year. Electricity consumption grew mainly in Pará and Minas Gerais and follows the performance of the mineral extraction sector, with increases in the production of iron ore, copper, and nickel. Other contributing factors included the effect of the low comparative base in 2024, due to the suspension of operations in a large consumer unit in Pará for furnace renovation, impacting the unit’s consumption throughout almost the entire first half of 2024; and the gradual increase in production with the commissioning of a second furnace in the same unit, raising electricity consumption from the second half of 2025.

The chemical products sector was the one that contributed the most, in absolute terms, to mitigating the increase in industrial electricity consumption in 2025, when the sector consumed 728 GWh less throughout the year. Electricity consumption fell mainly in Alagoas, where a large consumer in the chlorine-soda segment went into hibernation in October 2025; Minas Gerais, with a general decline in the sector in the state; and Bahia, where two large consumer units faced some maintenance shutdowns throughout the year.

Consumption and Number of Consumers by Contracting Environment

The non-regulated market, with 253.7 TWh, accounted for 44.8% of the national electricity consumption in 2025, registering a 7.0% increase in consumption and a 34.2% increase in the number of consumers compared to 2024. The Central-West region recorded the highest consumption growth (+11.0%) and also had the highest growth in the number of non-regulated consumers (+50.1%). The result in the non-regulated market was mainly driven by a 3.2% increase in consumption in the non-regulated portion of the industrial sector and a 16.8% increase in the non-regulated portion of the commercial sector.

The regulated market of distributors, with 313.0 TWh, accounted for 55.2% of the national electricity consumption in 2025, a decrease of 3.5%. The number of consumer units increased by 1.9% during the period, even with the migration of consumers to the free market. In the regulated market, the South region recorded the smallest contraction in consumption (-1.6%), while the North had the highest growth in the number of captive consumers (+2.7%). The decline in consumption in the regulated market was mitigated by a 1.7% increase in residential captive consumption, while other classes experienced a contraction in consumption.

After the opening of the non-regulated market to all Group A (high voltage) consumers in January 2024 (MME Ordinance 50/2022), more than 25 thousand consumers migrated to the ACL in 2024 and another 22 thousand in 2025. According to the ACL migration report from ANEEL in April 2026, more than 10 thousand consumers are expected to migrate in 2026. (Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica (ANEEL), 2026a)

The opening of the non-regulated market has changed the profile of non-regulated consumers, still predominantly industrial, by allowing the migration of the entire Group A. Thus, the industrial class’s share in total non-regulated consumption falls from 76.7% in 2024 to 74.0% in 2025 (-2.7 percentage points), while the commercial, public service (mainly Water, Sewage, and Sanitation), rural, and public power classes reach, respectively, 18.3% (+1.5 p.p.), 4.4% (+0.7 p.p.), 2.7% (+0.3 p.p.), and 0.6% (+0.2 p.p.) of the share.

Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica (ANEEL). (2026a). Comercialização: Relatório de migração potencial do ACL. https://www.gov.br/aneel/pt-br/centrais-de-conteudos/relatorios-e-indicadores/comercializacao.

Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica (ANEEL). (2026b). Resultados dos leilões de transmissão – relatório interativo. https://www.aneel.gov.br/leiloes.

Empresa de Pesquisa Energética (EPE). (2025a). Boletim trimestral de consumo de eletricidade: Ano VI, nº 21 – 1º trimestre de 2025. https://www.epe.gov.br/pt/publicacoes-dados-abertos/publicacoes/boletim-trimestral-de-consumo-de-eletricidade.

Empresa de Pesquisa Energética (EPE). (2025b). Boletim trimestral de consumo de eletricidade: Ano VI, nº 22 – 2º trimestre de 2025. https://www.epe.gov.br/pt/publicacoes-dados-abertos/publicacoes/boletim-trimestral-de-consumo-de-eletricidade.

Empresa de Pesquisa Energética (EPE). (2025c). Boletim trimestral de consumo de eletricidade: Ano VI, nº 23 – 3º trimestre de 2025. https://www.epe.gov.br/pt/publicacoes-dados-abertos/publicacoes/boletim-trimestral-de-consumo-de-eletricidade.

Empresa de Pesquisa Energética (EPE). (2025d). Boletim trimestral de consumo de eletricidade: Ano VI, nº 24 – 4º trimestre de 2025. https://www.epe.gov.br/pt/publicacoes-dados-abertos/publicacoes/boletim-trimestral-de-consumo-de-eletricidade.

Empresa de Pesquisa Energética (EPE). (2025e). Leilão dos sistemas isolados - SISOL: Habilitação técnica e resultado do leilão. https://www.epe.gov.br/sites-pt/publicacoes-dados-abertos/publicacoes/PublicacoesArquivos/publicacao-856/Informe%20Vencedores%20SISOL%20v2%201.pdf.

Empresa de Pesquisa Energética (EPE). (2026). Balanço energético nacional 2026. https://www.epe.gov.br/pt/publicacoes-dados-abertos/publicacoes/balanco-energetico-nacional-ben.

Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). (2026a). Serviços variam -0,4. https://agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br/.

Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). (2026b). Vendas no comércio variam -0,4. https://agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br/.

Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). (2026c). Vendas no varejo fecham 2025 com alta de 1,6. https://agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br/.

Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). (2026d). Volume de serviços recua 0,4. https://agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br/.

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